Muhammad Ali Pasha

Muhammad Ali Pasha

Ali Pasha city of the words of one of the cities in Greece the year in 1769 and his father was Ibrahim al-Agha, head of the guard guarding the road in the town and had a seventeen and a boy did not live them are Muhammad Ali, has died, his father and lived an orphan no more than fourteen years of age Vkvlh uncle Toson, who died Vkvlh Friend the father of the city's governor, "mill"

Saw life ((Mohammed Pasha governor, when he reached the peak Muhammad enrolled in the wire jihad and soon appeared courage and then married a niece of the acting and the words were so rich and gave birth to Abraham and Ishmael and Toson and devoted himself to trade, especially trade in smoke

However, he soon returned to military life, when attacked Napoleon Bonaparte to Egypt and proceeded to the Sublime Porte, or Turkey

Thus, Muhammad came over to Egypt and participated in the recent fighting between the British and the Turks and the French side of the other, and his name appeared in an attack on the Turkish army and helped him luck Rahmaniya withdrawal of the French fortress of Rahmaniya Vaanlha Mohammed on without trouble.


Mohammed entry to Egypt


Under Muhammad Ali in Egypt and saw the end of the French campaign on Egypt and in the meantime had been promoted to the rank of senior officers he received the rank of Bkbai before the departure of the French and then promoted him Khusraw Pasha to the rank of "The Secret Jcmh" or a brigade, and was at that time the conflict going on in Egypt for power


England carried out on 27 March, 1802 to hold a reconciliation known to agree to AMIENS Amiens between France and England, the Netherlands, Spain and the conditions of this peace the British evacuation from Egypt, as the war between the Mamelukes and the Turks have intensified


Muhammad began to arrange for the same plan not preceded by a one friendly to the Egyptian people and the swaying of its leaders to reach the summit of power, especially after the people's revolution against the Mamluks in March 1804 m from the high incidence of grievances and raise taxes on the Egyptian people


As well as attack the Mamluks and the large number of Albanian soldiers to the people began to Muhammad Ali in the meantime, in his appeal to the Egyptian people and mingled with the common folk and joined to the sheikhs and scholars, in the year in the year 1805 a revolution took place in Cairo against the Turks began when soldiers attacked

Aldlap - Soldiers of the elements of the Ottoman Empire - on the people of ancient Egypt and took them out of their homes and looted their homes gathered scientists and went to the Governor Khurshid Pasha and Kataboh put an end to the atrocities of soldiers Aldlap but that the Governor could not do something I started the revolution takes its way against the governor and Turkish soldiers


Here, take Mohammed to the evolution of the events of this movement to and supported by advocates of the people as he did in the people's revolution against the Mamluks, and in the meantime try to keep Khurshid Pasha Muhammad Ali of Egypt, where he succeeded in making the Porte firman issued royal tradition of Mohammed on the mandate of Jeddah

However, the Egyptian people and their leaders and scientists who had issued his sack Khurshid Pasha, the Ottoman viceroy and the appointment of Muhammad Ali, ruler of Egypt instead, May 13, 1805 m and thus take over the rule of Mohammed Ali Pasha of Egypt at the behest of her children



Massacre of the Mamluks


Massacre of the Mamelukes by the famous year 1226 H / 1811, where he was Mohamed Ali Pasha had to throw out his son Toson Pasha vector to the Hijaz to this party called the Mamluks

Offering Janissaries and Mamelukes and walked everyone to the door lone sat down soldiers Janissaries, the slope first and then followed by the Mamluks even if it comes out another soldier Inkhari door closed door Azab, and then issued in favor of Agha Qoj orders to the soldiers Vansilwa behind the Mamluks and climbed the rocks surrounding the Darb Royal Cliff and shot each hand, the Mamluks were not spared from the massacre but the Secretary-your-Alfy, who was able to climb the walls of the castle and jump immunity where they had fled to Syria and thus able to Muhammad Ali Pasha, that it would destroy the remnants of the Mamelukes and the Janissaries.


Aspects of the advancement in the era of Muhammad Ali


Interested in the advancement of Egypt in all fields

1 - interest Mohammed Ali Pasha, the organization of the Egyptian army on the latest military systems

2 - Architecture

Architecture, which is characterized by Boutrz new and imported to Egypt was mostly due to Brian bring Mohammed to many of the engineers and workers

For the construction of many buildings, whether religious or civil or military began appearing in the patterns of Turkish, Albanian and European countries as a result of the influx of these items on Egypt in the nineteenth century on the architecture and the arts we know this model in the historians as the "style turkey."


Now there is a list of where the organization opened its lanes and routes and rail traffic and easy to become the people in Egypt follow in their buildings and modern architectural styles assigned Mohamed Ali Pasha

Engineers and observers of the buildings to go around the cities for the detection of housing and the role of the old and the owners order the demolition and reconstruction of the things people were unable to evacuate and the government restored it at their own expense to be after that of the State Property


3 - Education


Interest Mohammed Ali Pasha in Egypt, education in its different forms
By Mohammed Ali Pasha put paid to girls education in Egypt, despite his confrontations of the great difficulties was the strong opposition from the Turks on the one hand and backwardness and ignorance that reigned in Egypt from the other hand, given the many rifts and disagreements and conflicts between the Mamelukes and the Turks and here began in the spread of different schools to teach the children of the Egyptian people, including military schools such as school mast or knights in Giza Artillery School Boutrh complex schools Khanka, music schools and other military schools, also there were many other schools, such as the School of Languages ​​and the School of birth and medical school or a school Kasr Al-Aini School of Veterinary Medicine and School of Agriculture and other schools.

4 - Industry


Industry, which evolved a great deal in his reign, which became the second mainstay of the country after education in all its forms and in particular to keep up with military regimes that existed in Europe, so do not rely on Egypt to bring

All their needs from abroad, which would make it at the mercy of the major powers on the one hand and the depletion of state resources on the other hand to the side that most of the raw materials used in the industry was already present in Egypt as well as the availability of human resources, and so was the establishment of several factories and was the first factory government in Egypt is a factory Khernfc of the fabric and that was in the year 1231 AH / 1816, then started, following the factories, whether military or other which led Muhammad to to follow a special policy for the advancement of those factories started first using experts and craftsmen from European countries to produce cadres of Egyptian heads of workers and policymakers, technicians, and replace replace Foreigners gradually.


The split in the new industries introduced by Mohammed Ali Pasha to Egypt into three sections:

I

The processing industries and was in the manufacture of machinery ginning and pressing cotton, and in rice mills and factories, processing, and processing of indigo to dye, and oil presses and factories for the manufacture of chemicals as the Muhammad Ali replaces the ancient methods in the industry and the introduction rather than machines, whether mechanical or which are run by steam and pistons

Section II

It is a manufacturing-related industries, weaving and fabric of all kinds,

Section III

A war industries has begun to Muhammad Ali Pasha, in which after the war, Wahhabi years 1811 - 1819 m, where he established the first arsenal or a home for the industry Citadel - Workshops Bab Al Azab - to be the latest systems, the European at the time of coming in Ordnance Factories then across Egypt, this has been that which was included in some aspects of the Renaissance in Egypt in the era of Mohamed Ali Pasha Abdou Basha
25-07-2006, 10:58 AM